Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties
IntroductionAnonymitySecurityPrivacyEthical and Social Issues
Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza
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Introduction
Information has increased in valueInformation can also be a liabilityThe demand for information is high due to:High digitalization of info & increasing bandwidth.Declining costs of digital communication.Increased miniaturizationPortable computersOther communications equipment.Greater public awarenessThe danger for misuse is real
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Anonymity
Absence of identityThere are three types of identity:Pseudo – know by a pseudo-nameUntraceable – no name associationAnonymity with a pseudo addressNo name associationAddress associationAnonymity on the InternetAnonymous serversAnonymous usersThere is no 100% anonymity on the internet
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Anonymity
AdvantagesUsed by or as a form of whistle-blowingNational securityPrevent intimidation and fear of reprisalSecurity of individualsDisadvantagesCriminalsDispute resolutionCircumventing the lawCyber-stalking
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Security
Means to prevent unauthorized accessConsists of:Confidentiality - to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information to third parties.Integrity - to prevent unauthorized modification of files and maintain the status quoAvailability -: to prevent unauthorized withholding of information from those who need it when they need it.
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Security…
Physical security – guaranteed by:DeterrencePreventionDetectionResponsePhysical Access ControlsAuthenticate the userInformation Security ControlsCryptographyAuthenticationAuditOperationalPolicies and guidelines
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Privacy
Human valueConsists of:Right to control external influencesSolitude - right to be aloneAnonymity – right to have no public identityIntimacy – right not to be monitoredRight to control personal information:Reserve – right to control one’s information
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Types of Privacy
Personal PrivacyPersonal spacePhysical searchesVideo recordingSurveillanceInformational PrivacyPersonal informationFinancial informationMedical informationInternetInstitutional Privacy
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Value of Privacy
Considered valuableValue eroding because inability to guaranteeThree attributesPersonal identityAutonomySocial RelationshipsInformation gatheringBuying and selling informationWe provide some of this informationInternet crawlers
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Privacy Violations
Intrusion – wrongful entry, seizing or acquiringMisuse of Information – selling of our informationInterception of Information – eavesdroppingSurveillanceInformation Matching
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Ways We Give Out Information
Rewards or Loyalty ProgramsBody ScannersDigital Video RecordersAutomobile “Black Boxes”Enhanced 911 ServiceRFIDsImplanted ChipsMedical informationReplace creditcardsCookiesBiometricsSpyware
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Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties
Most accepted set of civil libertiesCriminal JusticePolice powersPerson libertyRight to fair trailBasic freedomsSpeechAssemblyAssociationMovementNo DiscriminationFreedom of informationCommunications and privacy
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Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties
SafeguardsTechnicalUse of software and technical safeguardsContractualContactsSpecial information – publicationsMust have actions and enforcement to be effectiveLegalLawsEnforcement of the laws
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