Copper-BearingIntrauterineDevices(IUDs)
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Copper T 380A
Copper IUDs:Effectiveness
Source:Trussell, 2011.
Oral contraceptives
Percentage of women pregnant in first year of use
Pregnancy rate as commonly used
Pregnancy rate when used correctly and consistently
Female condom
Female sterilization
Implants
DMPA
Spermicides
Standard Days Method
Male condom
IUD (TCu-380A)
0
10
15
20
25
5
30
Male sterilization
IUDs Reduce Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy rate per 1000 woman years
Source: Sivin, 1991.
IUDs: Safe for Women with HIV
Percentage of women in Kenyan study
Source: Morrison, 2001.
Little difference in complications between IUD users with and without HIV.
IUD Use Does Not Increase HIV Transmission
Theoretical concern:Does IUD use by women with HIV increase the risk of transmission to her partner?Research found:Nopost-insertionincrease in cervical sheddingNo increased risk of partnerexposure to higher dose of virus
Source: Richardson, 1999.
Risk of PID Greatest in the First Few WeeksafterIUD Insertion
Source: Farley, 1992.
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8+
Time Since IUD Insertion
PID Rate
(per 1,000 Woman-Years)
Year
Month (first year)
Infertility is Linked to STIs,Not to IUDs
Source:Hubacher, 2001.
Expulsion Rates are Higher for Postpartum Insertion
Source: Chi, et al, 1985.
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