Making Feedback Productive
EDU 221
Making Feedback Productive
HousekeepingCurrent Issue Article PP and DiscussionTopic approved by Barfield by Thurs.Practice TD on D2L this weekGroup PresentationBehaviorist ViewCognitive ViewThursday: Read chapter 8, work on PP
Learning Model
Relatively permanent change in behaviorFeedback as Reinforcement (Behaviorist view)Feedback as Information (Cognitive View)
Feedback as Reinforcement (Behaviorist view)
Thorndike’s Law of EffectSkinner’s Reinforcement & PunishmentContingency and Rate of ResponseResponse-strengtheningRewards strengthenPunishment weakens
Feedback as Information (Cognitive View)
Interprets and uses informationBuilds mental representations
Is feedback needed?
Thorndike (1931)Subjects attempted to draw a 4 inch lines with their eyes closedRepeated attempt 3,000 (4,000) timesNo Feedbackresulted in no improvementRight/Wrong- Told right if line was within 1/8” and wrong if it was notresulted in increased performance from 13 to 25% correct
Does Quality Matter?
Trowbridge & Cason (1932)Subjects attempted to draw a 3 inch lines while blindfolded3 ConditionsNo FeedbackRight/Wrong - right within 1/8 inch otherwise wrong“How much”- given how much off by 1/8 inch increments
Results(Trowbridge & Cason, 1932)
Views of theEffects of Feedback
Behaviorist View:Response learning—the acquisition of a new responseReinforcement: strengthens behaviors; punishment: weakens behaviors; no cognition required
Cognitive View:Feedback is information that you can use to interpret to make sense of the learning situationDependent NOT on the actual feedback but on your interpretation of the MEANING of the feedback that is important
Three Examples: One
Mr. Antonovich:April:Mr. Antonovich:
What is the longitude of Chicago, April?About 40 degrees.No, …think about it for a second… Can you help her… Jeremy?
Three Examples: Two
Ms. Salinas:Max:Ms. Salinas:
What is the longitude of Chicago, Max?About 40 degrees.No, it’s about 88 degrees west. What is its latitude, Stephanie?
Three Examples: Three
Ms. Bentley:Sam:Ms. Bentley:
What is the longitude of Chicago, Sam?About 40 degrees.No, keep in mind we are measuring degrees east and west. Chicago is which direction from Greenwich?
Example Analysis
Mr. AntonovichGave immediate feedback, gave no further informationMs. SalinasGave immediate feedback, but no information on how to correctMs. BentleyGave immediate feedback with corrective information and asks another question that then allows the student to answer successfully
Take Home Message on Feedback
Effective FeedbackIt is immediateIt is specificIt provides corrective information for the learnerIt has a positive emotional tone
Making Feedback Productive
HousekeepingCurrent Issue Article PP and DiscussionTopic approved by Barfield by Thurs.Practice TD on D2L this weekGroup PresentationBehaviorist ViewCognitive ViewThursday: Read chapter 8, work on PP
“ Education is not filling a pail but the lighting of a fire.”-William Butler Yeats
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