Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Who requires training?
For:DoctorsAdministratorsNursesTechniciansWard boys andsafaikarmcharies
Trainers
InitiallyHospital personnelOutside agencyOngoing trainingHospital Infection Control CommitteeMedical SuperintendentNursing SupervisorSanitary Supervisor
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Training sessions
TeachingDiscussionFeedbackOngoing training (once at the time of induction and thereafter once a year)Training module:Vernacular mediumEasy to understandInclude equipments and slidesDemonstration
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Training session one
Inputs from trainees:About the present systemThe need of managing wasteTheir role and interventionIntroducing concepts of waste management
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Sensitisation–the need for managing waste
Dangers to the patientsMany patientsimmuno-compromisedDangers to the communitySpread of infection through wasteAccess of waste to the animalsProblems due to incineratorsSpread of infection through recycling trade
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Dangers to healthcare workers
Hours spent at the workplaceHigh rate of needle-stick injuriesExposure to mercury/chemicalsDangers due to improper spill handlingDangers due to on-site incinerators.
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
What are sharps?
Anything capable of causing cuts and punctures:NeedlesBladesScalpelsLancetsSuturesI.V. cathetersGlass
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Categories of staff exposed to needle-stick
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Incidents leading to pricks
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Sero-conversion following exposure
PathogenSero-conversion Time of rate conversionHIV0.3%6monthsHBV30% 2-6 monthsHCV 10% 7 weeks
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Mercury products in hospitals
Product AlternativeThermometers Digital, expansion or aneroidSphygmomanometers Electronic vacuum gauge, expansion /aneroidEsophageal Dilators, Products w/MillerAbbott & Cantor tubesTungstentubingDental amalgams Gold, ceramic, porcelain
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Symptoms of mercury poisoning
Impairment of peripheral visionDisturbance in sensationsLack of coordination of movementsImpairment of speech or hearingMuscle weaknessSkin rashesMood swings, mental disturbanceAbnormal brain development; impaired memory, attention and learning
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Mercury effects
Damage to the brain, the kidneysand developingfoetus. Effects on brainfunctioning mayresult in irritability, shyness,tremors, changes in vision or hearing, andmemoryproblems.In addition, short-term exposure to highlevels ofmetallic mercuryvapoursmay causeeffects includinglung damage, nausea,vomiting, diarrhea, increases in blood pressure orheart rate, skin rashes, and eye irritation.
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Where isglutaraldehydeused?
Endoscopy unitsTheatresICULabourwardsInfection controlDental units
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Glutaraldehydeand you!
Irritates skin, eyes, throat and lungs, causessensitisationof skin and respiratory tractCan cause allergic reaction, like asthmaSkinsensitisationand contact dermatitisHeadache, shortness of breath, chest pain, discomfort, cough and fatigue
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Cytotoxicdrugs
Ability to kill or arrest the growth of living cellsUsed for treatment of cancerous cellsHarmful to normal cells specially the actively dividing cellsExposure happens mainly through inhalation of droplets or dusts. Can be absorbed through the skin, or by swallowing food/beverages contaminated with CDs.Risks for exposure are during the preparation and administration of the drugs, handling of body fluids from patients being treated withcytotoxicdrugs
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Cytotoxicdrugs-health effects
Short term effects:skin injury, lightheadedness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and allergic reactionsLong term effects:Some anti-neoplasticscan cause cancer, they may also cause birth defect (teratogens) and miscarriages, as well as chromosomal damage (mutagens)
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
Other aspects
Dangers toragpickersSorting of mixed hospital wasteNeedle-stick injuriesBio-Medical waste Management Rules 2016:Fines and legal implications on non-complianceImplementation is a shared responsibility of the entire staff
Understanding and Simplifying Bio-medical Waste ManagementA training manual for trainers
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