Solnosky

University of Maryland Dorm Building 7
6801PreinkertDrive College Park, MD 20742
Ryan LSolnoskyStructural Option MAE/BAEAdvisor: Dr. AliMemariSpring 2009
Presentation Outline
Introduction & Building OverviewBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExistingStructureOverviewStructural DepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Building Statistics
Location:6801 Preinkert Drive College Park, MD 20742Architecture:U-Shape Plan9 Stories including the Terrace LevelUnits are designed for 2-4 peopleTotal Height 94’Building Use:Dormitory/ApartmentsOffice Space for Building HousingSize:133,000Square FeetCost:$23.5MillionStructure:Light-gage Bearing walls and Shear walls with Concrete Columns and Shear wallsMEP: Each unit is separately heated and cooled by 111 rooftop mechanical unitsLEED: Currently approaching a LEED Gold Standard
Presentation Outline
Introduction & Building OverviewBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExistingStructureOverviewStructural DepthStudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Architecture of Building 7
Presentation Outline
Introduction & Building OverviewBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExistingStructureOverviewStructural DepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Current Existing Structure
Perimeter and Corridor Bear wallsUpper 6 Floors16 gage studs at 16-24” OCConcrete Columns and GirdersLower two FloorsBeams:16-24” deep18-36” wideColumns14” wide18-64” deepHambroComposite Joists3” Conc. slab for upper floors16” deep joist in Apt.8” deep joist in Corridor5” Conc. Slab on lover floors
Presentation Outline
Introduction & Building OverviewBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExistingStructureOverviewStructural DepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Current Existing Structure
Lateral System16 Shear walls7 in the East-West Direction9 in the North-South DirectionLocated between apartments
Concrete Shear walls: Lower 2 floorsUpper 6 Floors16 gage studs at 16-24” OC
Presentation Outline
Introduction & Building OverviewBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExistingStructure OverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Thesis Proposal Goals
Design an overall structure made using structural steel and limit use of propriety systems.Design a gravity system that does not require a change in the building height while still being acceptable.Move the location of Building 7 to a high seismic Region to better understand and work with seismic requirements in detail. (San Diego, CA )Pick a single lateral system that will work for the new location and optimize it.
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Design Standards and Codes
Steel DesignAISC Steel Construction Manual, 13thEditionAISC Seismic Design Manual (AISC 327-05)2005 AISC Seismic Provisions (AISC 341-05)AISC Steel Design Guide 19: Fire Resistance of Structural FramingVulcraft Steel Roof and Deck Catalog
Other ReferencesMinimum Design Loads for Buildings (ASCE 7-05)International Building Code 2006
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
RAM Computer Modeling
Assumptions and Considerations:Both Gravity and Lateral Systems were modeledDiaphragms assumed to be perfectly rigidColumns were modeled with a fixed base to help with drift.All proper gravity and lateral load combinations were generated for the modelP-Delta effects were taken into account according to ASCE 7 -05Story shears applied at 5% eccentricity to account for accidental torsion
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Gravity System Design
Bay Layout ConsiderationsChanges in PlanCorridor through the centerComposite vs. CastellatedDepth of membersSize of openings for MEP
2 Bays vs. Double-Loaded CorridorDepth of membersSpace for MEPQuantity of columns
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Gravity System Design
Beams and GirdersMax spacing of 9’-6” typical3VL21 composite deckLight-weightTotal slab thickness of 6.25”Table 3-19 (composite W-shapes)
Gravity ColumnsProper live load reduction usedSpliced every other levelLimited sizes for repetitionTable 4-1and Table 6-1
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Gravity System Design
Final Typical Bay Design
Final Typical Column Line Design
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Gravity Connections
Beam to Girder Connection :Shear Tab designSingle Top Cope BeamBolted to the beam and welded to the
Girder to Column Connection :Extended shear tab designCope at the bottom for placing concernsBolted to the girder and welded to the column
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Possible Lateral Systems
Considered Viable Lateral SystemsSpecial Concentric Braced FramesSpecial Moment FramesSpecial Plate Shear wallsBuckling Restrained Braced Frames
Chosen Lateral System: SCBFReasonsMost commonly usedInitial available space for themMultiple bracing configurationsNo specialty software requiredMany connection options
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Acceptable Lateral Procedure
Checks:Horizontal Irregularity CheckVertical irregularity CheckWith SDC DEquivalent Lateral Force Procedure is Acceptable
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Seismic Loads
Criteria:SDC DR=6I=1.0Building PeriodsTx = 0.907 secondsTy = 0.732 seconds
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral System Design
Location of SCBFLimited to within walls due to bracesNo perimeter framesOriginal locations the best solution
Quantity in each DirectionReduced the number from existing4 in the East-West Direction6 in the North-South Direction
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral System Design
Adjusting MembersIncrease brace sizesIncrease column sizesIncrease beam sizes
Key Load Combinations1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lror S or R)(1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + ρQE + L + 0.2S(0.9 − 0.2SDS)D + ρQE + 1.6H
Member DesignLower stories controlled by strength60-75%capacity of membersUpper Stories controlled by drift15-20% capacity of members
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral System Design
Typical SCBF Design
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Typical Lateral Connections5 Standard/critical connectionsDesigned per AISC 341-05Loads determined by ASCE 7-05
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Inverted-V DesignBeam takes unbalanced LoadGusset plate requires StiffenersGusset plate attached at the shopReinforced HSS brace at endsYield line on gusset plate
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Detailing
Brace to Beam & Column DesignUniform method to eliminate momentsReinforced HSS at ends for capacityShear tab for beam to columnAll welded connection except beam shear tabYield line on gusset plate
Column Splice DesignCJP Weld for full strengthWeld access holes per Spec. J1.6Plate for shear capacity requirementDesigned not to yield or form a story mechanism
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Alternative Structural Options
Two Alternatives Considered:Alternate top single story X for framesUse of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames
Alternate Top StoryEliminates the inverted-V and decreases the beam size to W18x60Braces became slightly smallerHelps with the drift
Buckling Restrained brace FramesSlight improvement at drift controlSmaller connectionsCan act as true pined-pined memberMore costly but less non-structural damage during an earthquake
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Foundation Considerations
ImplicationsChange in structural systemDifferent layout from the originalChange in locationSoil interaction during and EarthquakeFoundation tiesDynamic ground movement and stressesEnergy dissipation
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Structural Goal Summary
1.) Design an overall structure made using structural steel and limit use of propriety systems.Outcome: The new steel design achieves this very well.(4.5/5)2.) Design a gravity system that does not require a change in the building height while still being acceptable.Outcome: The design follows this but has limitations/issues(3/5)3.) Move the location of Building 7 to a high seismic Region to better understand and work with seismic requirements in detail. (San Diego, CA )Outcome: The move allowed for a more challenging design(5/5)4.) Pick a single lateral system that will work for the new location and optimize it.Outcome: The system works but has issues with the code(3.5/5)
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Green Roof Study
Reasons for a Green RoofOriginal Building 7 did not have one due to cost concernsThey can reduce the heat island effect and the use of excess gray water
Chosen Roof TypeExtensive Green RoofVery self –sustainingMinimum yearly maintenanceLighter and for non-accessible roofs
Plant typesWanted a low maintenance and acceptable in both locationsSedum species along with mossesReadily available in both locations
Presentation Outline
Green Roof Layout
LayoutMechanical units moved to 3 locations1’ Gravel around the perimeterGravel around the mechanical units
Details2 layers of rubber membrane for waterFiltering mesh for water runoff3” soil for the plant life
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
Water Collection System
Drain DesignBased on rain accumulating during a stormTwo drain sizes:6” drains on the main body of the roof3” drains along the perimeter
Tank and Room DesignRoom was located on the ground levelTanks sized with average annual rainfall from (NOAA)College park = 44” per yr.San Diego = 5” per yr.Tank sizes:College park = 2-1000 Gallon TanksSan Diego = 1-500 Gallon Tank
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
LEED Considerations
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
Points Gained by The Green RoofReduction in the heat island effectGain = 1 PointThe increase usage of gray water to reduce the building’s consumptionGain = 1 Point
Other Green Advantages from the DesignThe usage of structural steelConsists mostly of recycled scrap steel
Initial LEED Goals and DesignBecome a minimum of LEED certifiedCurrently 1 Point away from LEED GoldResidents need to take a class on how to keep the building more efficient and green
Green Roof Summary
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
1.) The green roof was designed for both locations and is acceptable for bothOutcome:(4/5)2.) The water collection system is acceptable for both locations but is greener for College Park MDOutcome:(5/5)3.) The redesign reduces in the impact on the environment and also bring the LEED rating to Gold.Outcome:(5/5)
Conclusions & Recommendations
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
1.) The structural system meets the redesign goals for both gravity and lateral systems and is a good choice for a high seismic regionRecommendations:Implement the alternative structural alternativesUse a modal analysis procedure so to obtain a base shear reductionUse expansion joints to separate the U-shape into 3 buildings2.) The green roof and water collection system reduces in the impact on the environment and also bring the LEED rating to Gold.
Acknowledgements
University of Maryland College ParkDesign CollectiveBurdette, Koehler, Murphy & AssociatesHope Furrer Associates Inc.Hope FurrerMelissa HarmonThe Pennsylvania State UniversityDr. AliMemariDr. AndresLepageProfessor M. KevinParfittThe entire AE faculty and staff
A special thanks to my family andfriends whohave all provided me with guidance and support these pastyears.
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
Questions?
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyGreen Roof Breadth StudyMaterial and ConsiderationsGreen Roof Layout and DesignWater Collection System DesignLEED and ImpactsGreen Roof SummaryConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Presentation Outline
Lateral Detailing
Brace & Column to Base Plate DesignUniform method to eliminate momentsAnchors around the perimeter to generate a large inertiaShear Lug to transfer shearRecessed base plate in foundation for flat surface for architecture
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Brace to Beam Midspan DesignCJP Weld to reduce weld lengthPlate & Beam requires StiffenersPlate angles controlled by geometry and Whitney SectionGr. 50 Plate allowed per AISC Spec.Yield line on gusset plate
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?
Lateral Connections & Detailing
Presentation Outline
Introduction & BuildingOverviewStructuralDepthStudyThesis GoalsDesign CodesComputer ModelingGravity DesignGravity ConnectionsLateral Procedure and LoadsLateral DesignLateral ConnectionsAlternatives and ImplicationsFoundation ConsiderationsGoal SummaryGreen Roof Breadth StudyConclusions & RecommendationsQuestions?