Argument Notes
Persuasion
Definition- Convincing someone to change their belief or to do something
Persuasion
Definition- Convincing someone to change their belief or to do somethingExample- Convince students, staff, and the district to adopt a uniform policy
Argument
Definition- Presenting and supporting a claim, but also mentioning the opposite opinion
Argument
Definition- Presenting and supporting a claim, but also mentioning the opposite opinionStudents and staff at BGJHS should wear uniforms. Some may think they would lose their individuality, but they show this in academic ways.
Claim
Definition- A belief or opinion on a topic
Claim
Definition- A belief or opinion on a topicExample- School uniforms are beneficial to both students and staff
Counter-argument
Definition- The opposing view on a topic. The opinion of a person who might argue with you.
Counter-argument
Definition- The opposing view on a topic. The opinion of a person who might argue with you.
Counter-argument
Definition- The opposing view on a topic. The opinion of a person who might argue with you.Example- Uniforms would be boring and depressing.
Facts
Definition- A statement that can be proven to be true
Facts
Definition- A statement that can be proven to be trueExample- Research shows that schools with a uniform policy have 5o% fewer discipline referrals than those without uniforms.
Opinion
Definition-One’s personal belief or feeling.
Opinion
Definition- One’s personal belief or feeling.Example: Uniforms would make everyone feel equal.
Rebuttal
Definition- The answer to the counter-argument. “But”… statement.
Rebuttal
Definition- The answer to the counter-argument. “But”… statement.Example: Some people think that uniforms would be boring and depressing,butthey would actually help students get interested in education and be less depressed while comparing clothes.
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos-Ethos-Logos-
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos- Feelings/Emotions:Ethos- Justice/Ethics:Logos-Logic/Facts
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos- Feelings/Emotions: Creating a mood, making a person feel a certain way, so that they will want to do what you want them to doEthos- Justice/Ethics:Logos- Logic/Factual:
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos- Feelings/Emotions: Creating a mood, making a person feel a certain way, so that they will want to do what you want them to doEthos- Justice/Ethics: Making a judgment about right and wrong. Telling your reader that they should agree with your argument because it is a fair or ethical one.Logos- Logic/Factual:
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos- Feelings/Emotions: Creating a mood, making a person feel a certain way, so that they will want to do what you want them to doEthos- Justice/Ethics: Making a judgment about right and wrong. Telling your reader that they should agree with your argument because it isa fair orethical one.Logos- Logic/Factual: an argument that is based in research or other factual evidence.
Three Ways to Persuade
Pathos- Feelings/Emotions: Creating a mood, making a person feel a certain way, so that they will want to do what you want them to doEthos- Justice/Ethics: Making a judgment about right and wrong. Telling your reader that they should agree with your argument because it is a good or ethical one.Logos- Logic/Factual: an argument that is based in research or other factual evidence.
Relevant argument
Proves the pointIs trueMakes senseIs credible“Valid” is a synonym of “relevant”
Irrelevant argument
An irrelevant argument is one that is off topicOR one that doesn’t prove the point; it just distractsOR one that is untrue
Appeal to Force
Someone in a position of power threatens tomake bad things happento anyone who dares to disagree with his argument.If you do not agree with my political opinions, you will receive a grade of F for this course.I believe that Herbert Hoover was the greatest President of the United States.Therefore, Herbert Hoover was the greatest President of the United StatesThis might be an effective way to get you to agree (or at least to pretend to agree) with my position, it offers no grounds for believing it to be true.
Irrelevant Conclusion
An argument that actually provides support for an entirely different conclusion.All children should have ample attention from their parents.Parents who work full-time cannot give ample attention to their children.Therefore, mothers should not work full-time.This might be true about working parents generally,but doesn’t make it true about women alone and not on men.This procedure may succeed in distracting the audiencefrom the point that is really at issue.
Bullying, Bribery and BeggingTen Methods of Family Persuasion
10. Use puppy dog eyes and pout with lower lip.9. Say “Please, please, please,” (shameless begging)8. Get on hands and knees7. Say you’ll clean your room. (empty promises)6. Clasp hands in front of you and smile in a saintly way.5. Paper halos4. Fake tears3. Whine and say, “Pretty please with sugar on the top.”2. Bribe with flowers and candy1. Try to find a real reason
Top Ten better methodsof truthful Persuasion
10. Know your point of view9. Listen to the other side8. Let your facts speak for themselves7. Be kind and courteous to your opponent6. Nagging works sometimes5. Don’t be afraid to use your imagination.4. Pretend you are the audience when things get confusing.3. Use humor2. Don’t force your argument; show them the truth1. End with your best point re-stated in a more eloquent way.
Digging below a position
“Persuasion is not forcing someone to believe what you believe, but rather leading someone to the truth.” AlanDershowitzThe most powerful persuader will be the one who can take one step back and see the other person’s point of view.Look for the values that you have in common with your opponent.
Example of Digging
Kid: Dad, Can I have a friend over?Dad: No. I need the house quiet.Kid: Please! You never let me do anything! (3B’s)Dad:No. I told you I have a lot of work to do.Kid:We will play outside and be really quiet.(Good digging)Dad:I’ll think about it.
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